Dividing words into syllables explained to a child. What is a syllable, what are their types, how to divide words into syllables. Video: lesson for those who want to understand what syllables and stress are

Talk in sentences, clearly state your desires, conduct a simple dialogue.
Know the letters, it is advisable to recognize vowels and consonants.
Be able to count mentally up to at least 5.
Know the spatial concepts of “right” and “left”.

If a child has speech impairments, you should definitely consult a speech therapist. The specialist will indicate which activities to pay special attention to in order to avoid future problems associated with violations of the syllabic structure of words.

The division of words into syllables begins before learning to read by syllables. First, children are introduced to the concept of “word”. Each item has its own name. Children practice naming different words. Then the graphic designation of the word is entered in the form of a line or a rectangle. When children master syllables, they are separated by lines in accordance with the number. A word is distinguished by vowels and consonants, as well as a stressed syllable.

Syllables can be open or closed. Open ones look like a consonant + vowel, closed ones look like a vowel + consonant. This can be explained to children like this:

“In the open air it comes out freely: MAAAA, LOOO, NUUU. It's like we're exhaling. When closed, the air encounters an obstacle - lips, tongue or teeth. Therefore, it ends abruptly, as if closing - AM, OH, IL.

When explaining the principle of division into syllables, the technique of placing the palm under the chin is used. The number of times the chin drops, the number of syllables in a word.

Confident readers can determine the number of syllables by the number of vowels.

Why divide words into syllables?

Dividing words into syllables makes learning to read easier. Even adults, when they come across an unfamiliar word, mentally read it syllable by syllable. Dividing words into syllables for preschoolers is a way to better understand the phonetic structure of speech. This skill will help you do phonetic analysis of words in Russian lessons in the future.

Division into syllables is also needed in Russian lessons in the topic “Word Transfer”. Children who have poorly mastered syllables encounter errors when they leave a string of consonants on a line.

A syllable can consist of a vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants.

To teach a child division into syllables, you need to use visual methods: cards with syllables, didactic games and simulators.

Preschoolers really enjoy activities with cartoon and fairy-tale characters. If the tasks are given not by the parent, but by Peppa Pig, the classes will be more lively.

Division into syllables for preschoolers

Cards with syllables

It is convenient to use a large bank of syllables. The necessary letters are inserted into the pockets, resulting in syllables. Cards can be purchased as a set, or you can make them yourself. Cards made together will be of particular interest to your child. Dividing a word into syllables is easier for preschoolers to learn if the lessons are organized competently and interestingly.

Exercises with cards

1. An adult shows the syllable BA, invites the child to read and answer the question whether it is a word. It's not a word because it doesn't mean anything. Then the syllable RAN is taken. They also read it and find out that this construction is not a word. Next, the adult places the syllables BA and RAN next to each other. The kid reads the syllables, and the word “ram” comes out. It is useful to supplement the task with a corresponding picture.

2. The child is given an odd number of syllables on cards - so that at least four of them can be combined into words. You should start with five cards. Example - NE, BO, KOSH, KA, RU. First, the preschooler reads the syllables. Then the adult takes the syllable with which any of the words begins and offers to choose the “lost friend” syllable.

3. An adult prepares a few words in advance. He names the beginning of the word, the child must find the continuation on the cards. You need to start with two or three syllables so that the baby doesn’t get confused. The opposite option - the adult shows the syllable on the card, and the preschooler comes up with the ending.

4. An adult spells out two words using syllables, with the syllables mixed up: KOSH-BA, RY-KA. The child is asked to return the “lost” syllables to his words.

Didactic games

1. An adult writes on a piece of paper syllables, short words and combinations of consonants (PRS, PA, CAT, KI, KIT, KOSH, etc.). The child is asked to find the syllables and color them in with a green pencil. To diversify the game, you can offer to find words.

2. Playing with a ball. The adult calls the syllable - RU - and throws the ball. The child catches it and comes up with a continuation.

3. Write words on strips of paper. The preschooler reads them, then, together with an adult, divides them into syllables. Afterwards the word is cut into syllables with scissors. A variant of the task is to put words back together from the chopped syllables.

4. Clapping of syllables. This is a well-known and effective method for teaching syllable division. For each syllable you need to clap your palms or stamp your feet. For active children, you can divide words into syllables using jumps. A favorite toy or ball can also jump.

5. An adult names a word with one syllable: cat, catfish, ball, leaf. The child must name the word in a diminutive form: cat, ball, leaf. In this case, you need to determine the number of syllables in a word using your palm under the chin or clapping.

Games on the syllable structure of words for children arouse increased interest and help reinforce the material.

Exercise equipment

There are programs adapted for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren to train the skill of dividing into syllables. They can be purchased in stores, some can be downloaded. The simplest ones can be used online.

Exercises in simulators are usually similar to flashcard exercises. You can move syllables with the mouse, make words from them, choose between a syllable and a word, etc.

It is better not to use simulators at the initial stage of training. It is more appropriate to include them in classes when the child clearly understands the principle of division into syllables.

Children really enjoy interactive tasks on the computer. Many modern school textbooks are equipped with a disk with assignments. You can take simple exercises from there that are feasible for preschoolers.

The “Dividing words into syllables for children” simulator will help diversify activities with a preschooler and consolidate the acquired knowledge.

Rules for dividing into syllables

The education system has changed a lot in recent years. Other requirements also appeared for the school curriculum.

The rules for dividing words into syllables have changed somewhat since the days when modern parents born in the 80s and 90s were in primary school.

1. A syllable begins with a consonant sound if it has several letters. Examples: CAR-TI-NA, TV-ROG, POST-STAV-KA. The exception is the letter Y. It is classified as the previous syllable: RAY-ON, REY-KA, MAY-KA.

2. Voiced sonorant consonants and Y refer to the first syllable in division: GAL-KA, SKAL-KA, TUM-BA.

3. Voiceless, voiced nonsonorant and hissing sounds belong to the second syllable: SHA-PKA, SHI-SHKA, MI-SHKA.

4. Double consonants move into the second syllable: TOR-GESTH-VE-NNY, LONG, A-KKU-RAT-NY. However, for the transfer, the old rule of division was preserved: SOLEMN, LONG, AQUATE.

Preschoolers learning to read do not need to explain these rules in detail.

An adult must know these rules himself and correct the child if he is wrong. Children will remember most words and will automatically divide them correctly. At school, during the appropriate lessons, the teacher will explain the rules for dividing into syllables.

Regular exercises at home, combined with activities in kindergarten, will make school learning easier in the future.

Recently, various early development methods have become increasingly popular. In principle, there is nothing wrong with them, but each case must be approached wisely. First of all, children must be prepared for what you are planning to teach them.

Secondly, not every method is good; you should trust only options that have been proven over the years and generations. At the same time, we should not forget that learning is a kind of ladder, climbing one step leads to the need to overcome the next one, the chain cannot be interrupted and the acquisition of one skill must follow the acquisition of the previous one. Anyone who wants to engage in early reading with children is wondering how to teach a child to divide words into syllables.

From this article you will learn

The necessary conditions

If you think that syllables are what we feel intuitively when pronouncing any words, you are very much mistaken. Firstly, not every adult is able to identify syllables correctly. Secondly, we acquire this skill by diligently studying with a teacher until we bring it to automatism.

Therefore, you should not demand outstanding results from children from the very first lesson. It will be a great success if you even manage to explain to them what you are talking about.

To start learning syllables, you first need to become familiar with the alphabet. And not just learn the names of letters, but figure out which of them are vowels and which are consonants, what are their differences.

First steps

Many parents make the mistake of forcing their children to memorize the names of letters, and not how they are actually pronounced. Not a single teacher will say “thank you” for such preschool preparation. The fact is that most often children with such knowledge are much better than even those who have never been acquainted with the alphabet.

The next step is learning to connect letters into syllables. Here it is necessary to immediately demonstrate how to pronounce a bunch, and not individual sounds. Let the child feel how the air is exhaled, what effect it produces, how different the syllables can be: they consist of one letter, others of several.

How to explain to a child what a syllable is? It's quite difficult. Try to convey to him that this is one or a combination of sounds, the pronunciation of which requires one push of air, that is, a kind of exhalation through the mouth.

The best explanation is your own example. Try to use active articulation so that children can observe the movements of their lips and repeat them after you. Say the syllables together, come up with or find interesting rhymes from the syllables or songs. Let learning be a fun game.

We divide into syllables ourselves

Independent division into syllables is a very difficult task. Do not rush your child and let him understand what is required of him. There is no way to do without a game here. Let's look at several ways to identify syllables in a word.

First of all, let us remind adults that there is always only one vowel in a syllable. However, it will be difficult for the child to build on this information when dividing. Therefore, let’s look at the methods that teachers use.

Palms

The easiest way to identify syllables involves using your own palm. It must be placed under the chin parallel to the floor. The idea is that when pronouncing a word, the chin will touch the hand exactly as many times as there are syllables in it.

Don't demand too much from your child at once. Start with the simplest words: ma-ma, pa-pa, etc. Then you can move on to three-syllable words, for example, so-ba-ka. If the child makes a mistake, invite him to try again, let him determine where he was wrong.

Candle

This method is suitable specifically for homeschooling, because it is difficult to imagine a whole class sitting in front of lit candles.

The point of the exercise is that when pronouncing a syllable, you exhale. If you say it towards the candle, the flame will flicker exactly as many times as there are exhalations, that is, syllables.

Don't forget about safety precautions! Leaning too close to the fire is prohibited!

Claps and steps

If your kids don't like to sit still, these exercises are just for them. The challenge is to step or clap each time a syllable is said. At first, do everything together with your children, then ask them to act independently. Surely they will really like it.

Sound effects

Don't limit yourself to just the sounds described above. You can invite children, for example, to tap syllables with small hammers, and equip them with simple musical instruments. The main task is for them to catch the sound rhythm and learn to understand what is required of them.

Written assignments

Older children can actively work not only by hearing, but also with written words. First, explain to them that the number of vowels in a word equals the number of sounds. Suggest that you highlight all the vowels and count the syllables. If everything works out, you can move on to dividing the word.

Remember that excellent results are achieved with regular exercise. Children should bring division into syllables to the point of automaticity, then it will not cause them any difficulties.

If your child doesn’t succeed in something, try not to scold him and simply change the activity or even postpone mastering a new topic for another time. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready to acquire new knowledge and skills.

In this section we will practice dividing words into syllables. (Not to be confused with hyphenation, which is covered in another section. These are slightly different things, as there are specific rules for hyphenation.)

Dividing words into syllables

The ability to divide words into syllables is a very important skill that it is advisable to acquire before entering first grade. Children who have learned to read syllables, accordingly, have fewer problems. But they still happen.

Imagine, the child is already reading fluently, we taught him what letters there are - vowels and consonants, taught him to count the letters in a word, and then began to approach the transfer of words, and again returned to syllables. In this situation, children often get confused and instead of dividing into syllables, they divide the word by letters.

How to teach a child to divide words into syllables? There are many ways to do this.

Rules for dividing words into syllables

syllables are always formed using vowels, That's why, As many vowels as there are in a word, there are as many syllables. A syllable can consist of one vowel, but there are no syllables without vowels. Examples: mo-lo-ko, e-zhik, etc.
If a syllable consists of several letters, then it always begins with a consonant.(An exception is cases when the previous syllable ends in Y: district)

Previously, the rules for dividing into syllables and for hyphenation were the same, with the exception that you could not hyphenate or leave one letter on a line. The new rules for dividing into syllables, which children now learn by, are much more complex, and, most importantly, different from dividing words for hyphenation. This is especially true for words with several consonants in the middle of the word. We shared: cat, window, class, etc.

According to the new rules, only sonorant consonants (m, n, l, r, m, l, n, r) and Y “stick” to the first syllable, in other cases all consonants “go” to the second syllable. For example: krom-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, may-ka, but: sha-pka, equal, etc.

When divided into syllables, two identical consonants necessarily go to the second syllable: yes,

o-leak. In this case, the division of the same words for transfer will be different - given, from-flow, hat-ka, etc.

In any case, you need to constantly practice dividing words into syllables, especially if you have problems with this. Syllables can be sung and chanted, just like in a stadium. “Clapping” words with your hands helps. Speech therapists and teachers often advise placing the back of your hand under your chin and saying the word loudly, with your chin touching your hand with each syllable.

We offer you an online training game “Dividing words into syllables”. In it you need to drag the separator bars onto the word. Similar tasks are often found in Russian language tests in 1st grade. In this game we will divide words into syllables. In the next section we will practice dividing words for hyphenation.

Explaining to a preschool child how letters are combined into syllables is quite difficult due to the peculiarities of a preschooler’s thinking. Therefore, many teachers and psychologists disagree on ways to teach preschool children to read syllables.

Currently, there are two main ways: putting letters into syllables and memorizing syllables as whole reading units.

First way involves letter-by-letter naming and combining letters into a syllable. "N, O - what happens?" It is not recommended to ask: “N and O - what will happen?” - this will break the unity of the letters and prevent the child from forming the syllable correctly. Modern preschool pedagogy suggests using various auxiliary techniques when working in this version. Here are some of them.

An adult uses a pencil (pointer) to show the first letter, then moves the pencil (pointer) to the second letter, connecting them with a “path”. At the same time, he pulls out the first letter until the child “runs along the path to the second letter.” The second letter must be read so that “the track does not break.”
- An adult holds one letter in his hands, the child reads, at the same time another letter is brought from afar, and the first “falls”, and the child moves on to reading a new letter.
- An adult holds a card in his hands with letters written on both sides. The child reads the letter on one side, the adult turns the card over to the other side, and the child reads the second letter.

The chain of reasoning when reading a syllable using sound-letter analysis will look like this: “The letter I after a consonant denotes its softness, thus, in the combination VI, the letter B denotes a soft sound. It turns out VI.” And what will be the chain when reading, for example, the words CROCODILES? Can a child easily learn to read in this “long” way? Yes, there are children even of primary preschool age (three and four year olds) who are able to successfully master reading skills in this way. But for most children this method is too difficult. Often, despite the use of the auxiliary techniques outlined above, the development of reading skills is difficult, interest in classes is lost, psychological problems are formed: due to failures, self-esteem decreases, and refusals to study appear.

Second way Teaching a preschool child to read syllables is close to his age-related capabilities and characteristics and is based on the use of the unique properties of the memory of a small child. Let's figure out what this method is.

Try to read any sentence and at the same time observe how words are formed from letters. You will find that you are simply reproducing different types of syllables from memory, and then making sense of their combinations! It is recollection that helps us read quickly, bypassing the stage of constructing chains of inferences about the sound-letter composition of a word.

Based on this observation, it can be understood that it is easier for a child to learn to read by memorizing a system of reading units - fusion syllables, that is, syllables consisting of a consonant letter and a subsequent vowel letter.

Another argument in favor of learning a merging syllable: our articulatory apparatus (lips, tongue, teeth, vocal cords) forms the syllable as one unit. Try to observe yourself as you pronounce the syllables. For example, say VA. You will feel that your articulatory apparatus does not pause between B and A.

You need to memorize syllables according to this method of teaching reading according to the same scheme that is used when memorizing letters: - repeated naming of the syllable by an adult (“This is MA, and this is MU”);
- searching for a syllable according to an adult’s instructions, followed by naming (“Find the syllable MU, color it in. Which syllable did you color in?”);
- independent naming and reading of a syllable.

The choice of how to teach your child to read a syllable is yours. Try both methods, choose the one that suits your child best, or combine these methods in teaching.

But in any case, use only game situations, avoid edification and coercion. Offer your child different game plots (shop, construction site, cargo transportation, etc.) using merging syllables written on cards. You will find options for such games in the article “Games with syllables”.

Download:

Preview:

“We teach children to divide words into syllables”

How to correctly divide words into syllables?

1 rule: The child puts the back of his hand to the chin from below.

Rule 2: the child slowly pronounces the word, carefully pronouncing the vowels.

Rule 3: When speaking, the child counts how many times his mouth opens (and his chin rests on his palm). The count can be done by straightening or bending your fingers, as is more convenient.

Rule 4: the child draws a conclusion, for example: “In the word “drum” there are three syllable."

! When a child learns the concept of “vowel sound,” it is important for him to remember the following rule: “There are as many vowel sounds in a word as there are syllables.”

RULES OF THE GAME:

Using your palm under your chin, determine how many syllables are in the name of the toy.
Select the correct syllable pattern and delete the extra one with a mouse click. The correct scheme will not be deleted!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

game - presentation "Divide words into syllables"

A funny train helps a child determine the number of syllables in a word. A picture appears on the screen, the child clicks on the trailer with the required number of windows (syllables). if the choice is right...

Game "Divide words into syllables" (topic: "Animals of hot countries")

Using your hand under the chin (palm down), determine how many syllables are in the name of the animal. How many times the mouth opens (the chin rests on the hand), the number of syllables in the word. Mouth open...